NAME
modprobe - program to add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel
SYNOPSIS
modprobe [ -v ] [ -V ] [ -C config-file ] [ -n ] [ -i ] [ -q ] [ -b ] [
-o modulename ] [ modulename ] [ module parameters ... ]
modprobe [ -r ] [ -v ] [ -n ] [ -i ] [ modulename ... ]
modprobe [ -l ] [ -t dirname ] [ wildcard ]
modprobe [ -c ]
modprobe [ --dump-modversions ] [ filename ... ]
DESCRIPTION
modprobe intelligently adds or removes a module from the Linux kernel:
note that for convenience, there is no difference between _ and - in
module names. modprobe looks in the module directory /lib/mod-
ules/`uname -r` for all the modules and other files, except for the
optional /etc/modprobe.conf configuration file and /etc/modprobe.d
directory (see modprobe.conf(5)). modprobe will also use module options
specified on the kernel command line in the form of
Note that this version of modprobe does not do anything to the module
itself: the work of resolving symbols and understanding parameters is
done inside the kernel. So module failure is sometimes accompanied by
a kernel message: see dmesg(8).
modprobe expects an up-to-date modules.dep file, as generated by depmod
(see depmod(8)). This file lists what other modules each module needs
(if any), and modprobe uses this to add or remove these dependencies
automatically. See modules.dep(5)).
If any arguments are given after the modulename, they are passed to the
kernel (in addition to any options listed in the configuration file).
OPTIONS
-v --verbose
Print messages about what the program is doing. Usually mod-
probe only prints messages if something goes wrong.
This option is passed through install or remove commands to
other modprobe commands in the MODPROBE_OPTIONS environment
variable.
-C --config
This option overrides the default configuration directory/file
(/etc/modprobe.d or /etc/modprobe.conf).
This option is passed through install or remove commands to
other modprobe commands in the MODPROBE_OPTIONS environment
variable.
-c --showconfig
Dump out the effective configuration from the config directory
and exit.
-n --dry-run --show
This option does everything but actually insert or delete the
modules (or run the install or remove commands). Combined with
-v, it is useful for debugging problems.
-i --ignore-install --ignore-remove
This option causes modprobe to ignore install and remove com-
mands in the configuration file (if any) for the module speci-
fied on the command line (any dependent modules are still sub-
ject to commands set for them in the configuration file). See
modprobe.conf(5).
-q --quiet
Normally modprobe will report an error if you try to remove or
insert a module it can't find (and isn't an alias or
install/remove command). With this flag, modprobe will simply
ignore any bogus names (the kernel uses this to opportunisti-
cally probe for modules which might exist).
-r --remove
This option causes modprobe to remove rather than insert a mod-
ule. If the modules it depends on are also unused, modprobe
will try to remove them too. Unlike insertion, more than one
module can be specified on the command line (it does not make
sense to specify module parameters when removing modules).
There is usually no reason to remove modules, but some buggy
modules require it. Your kernel may not support removal of mod-
ules.
-V --version
Show version of program and exit.
-f --force
Try to strip any versioning information from the module which
might otherwise stop it from loading: this is the same as using
both --force-vermagic and --force-modversion. Naturally, these
checks are there for your protection, so using this option is
dangerous.
This applies to any modules inserted: both the module (or alias)
on the command line and any modules it on which it depends.
--force-vermagic
Every module contains a small string containing important infor-
mation, such as the kernel and compiler versions. If a module
fails to load and the kernel complains that the "version magic"
doesn't match, you can use this option to remove it. Naturally,
this check is there for your protection, so this using option is
dangerous.
This applies to any modules inserted: both the module (or alias)
on the command line and any modules on which it depends.
--force-modversion
When modules are compiled with CONFIG_MODVERSIONS set, a section
detailing the versions of every interfaced used by (or supplied
by) the module is created. If a module fails to load and the
kernel complains that the module disagrees about a version of
some interface, you can use "--force-modversion" to remove the
version information altogether. Naturally, this check is there
for your protection, so using this option is dangerous.
This applies any modules inserted: both the module (or alias) on
the command line and any modules on which it depends.
-l --list
List all modules matching the given wildcard (or "*" if no wild-
card is given). This option is provided for backwards compati-
bility: see find(1) and basename(1) for a more flexible alterna-
tive.
-a --all
Insert all module names on the command line.
-t --type
Restrict -l to modules in directories matching the dirname
given. This option is provided for backwards compatibility: see
find(1) and basename(1) for a more flexible alternative.
-s --syslog
This option causes any error messages to go through the syslog
mechanism (as LOG_DAEMON with level LOG_NOTICE) rather than to
standard error. This is also automatically enabled when stderr
is unavailable.
This option is passed through install or remove commands to
other modprobe commands in the MODPROBE_OPTIONS environment
variable.
-S --set-version
Set the kernel version, rather than using uname(2) to decide on
the kernel version (which dictates where to find the modules).
--show-depends
List the dependencies of a module (or alias), including the mod-
ule itself. This produces a (possibly empty) set of module
filenames, one per line, each starting with "insmod". Install
commands which apply are shown prefixed by "install". It does
not run any of the install commands. Note that modinfo(8) can
be used to extract dependencies of a module from the module
itself, but knows nothing of aliases or install commands.
-o --name
This option tries to rename the module which is being inserted
into the kernel. Some testing modules can usefully be inserted
multiple times, but the kernel refuses to have two modules of
the same name. Normally, modules should not require multiple
insertions, as that would make them useless if there were no
module support.
--first-time
Normally, modprobe will succeed (and do nothing) if told to
insert a module which is already present or to remove a module
which isn't present. This is ideal for simple scripts; however,
more complicated scripts often want to know whether modprobe
really did something: this option makes modprobe fail for that
case.
--dump-modversions
Print out a list of module versioning information required by a
module. This option is commonly used by distributions in order
to package up a Linux kernel module using module versioning
deps.
-b --use-blacklist
This option causes modprobe to apply the blacklist commands in
the configuration files (if any) to module names as well. It is
usually used by udev(7).
-d --dirname
Directory where modules can be found, /lib/modules/RELEASE by
default.
--allow-unsupported-modules
Load unsupported modules even if disabled in configuration.
RETURN VALUE
modprobe returns 0 on success, 1 on an unspecified error and 2 if the
module is not supported. Use the --allow-unsupported-modules option to
force using an unsupported module.
ENVIRONMENT
The MODPROBE_OPTIONS environment variable can also be used to pass
arguments to modprobe.
COPYRIGHT
This manual page Copyright 2002, Rusty Russell, IBM Corporation.
SEE ALSO
modprobe.conf(5), lsmod(8), modinfo(8)
15 September 2009 MODPROBE(8)
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